Brain Scans Reveal what You Have Seen

Brain scans reveal what you've seenhttp://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/09/25/brain.scans.wired/index.htmlBy Brandon KeimHaving modeled how images are represented in the brain, the researchers translated recorded patterns of neural activity into pictures of what test subjects had seen.Though practical applications are decades away, the research could someday lead to dream-readers and thought-controlled computers."It's what you would actually use if you were going to build a functional brain-reading device," said Jack Gallant, a University of California, Berkeley neuroscientist.The research, led by Gallant and Berkeley postdoctoral researcher Thomas Naselaris, builds on earlier work in which they used neural patterns to identify pictures from within a limited set of options.The current approach, described this week in Neuron, uses a more complete view of the brain's visual centers. Its results are closer to reconstruction than identification, which Gallant likened to "the magician's card trick where you pick a card from a deck, and he guesses which card you picked. The magician knows all the cards you could have seen."In the latest study, "the card could be a photograph of anything in the universe. The magician has to figure it out without ever seeing it," said Gallant.To construct their model, the researchers used an fMRI machine, which measures blood flow through the brain, to track neural activity in three people as they looked at pictures of everyday settings and objects.As in the earlier study, they looked at parts of the brain linked to the shape of objects. Unlike before, they looked at regions whose activity correlates with general classifications, such as "buildings" or "small groups of people."Once the model was calibrated, the test subjects looked at another set of pictures. After interpreting the resulting neural patterns, the researchers' program plucked corresponding pictures from a database of 6 million images.Frank Tong, a Vanderbilt University neuroscientist who studies how thoughts are manifested in the brain, said the Neuron study wasn't quite a pure, draw-from-scratch reconstruction. But it was impressive nonetheless, especially for the detail it gathered from measurements that are still extremely coarse.The researchers' fMRI readings bundled the output of millions of neurons into single output blocks. "At the finer level, there is a ton of information. We just don't have a way to tap into that without opening the skull and accessing it directly," said Tong.Gallant hopes to develop methods of interpreting other types of brain activity measurement, such as optical laser scans or EEG readings.He mentioned medical communication devices as a possible application, and computer programs for which visual thinking makes sense -- CAD-CAM or Photoshop, straight from the brain.Such applications are decades away, but "you could use algorithms like this to decode other things than vision," said Gallant. "In theory, you could analyze internal speech. You could have someone talk to themselves, and have it come out in a machine."

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kahlila June 15, 2010 at 11:26pm

~interesting post Marique! ;0) reminds me of remote viewing!~ we ALL have the wiring to be/ do/ speak telekinetically & tech. is going to be the link! it's our destiny to plug in... :0/ we are, after all, electric beings (without electricity, your heart will not beat, and your neurons will not "fire"!) so, the key is how to be the most we can be! (see also: pineal gland) ... we are waking up to our future.. or, our past?
- kahlila > kahlila June 19, 2010 at 5:26pm
  
  ~ps:~ weird, i just saw this flik yesterday! egads! :0/
  ~yaaay!! articficial intelligence...~
Tristan June 15, 2010 at 12:17pm

Forgive me if this seems heartless (new here, still "learning the ropes", as it were), but doesn't all of this research seem to suggest that the brain is really nothing more than a deterministic computing machine? If so, how is free will possible?

This is something that gets to me at the core of my being, and I have tons of adrenaline running through me as I write this, so please go easy on me if it seems like I'm being "unfaithful" or whatever.

I want to be FREE!!!! Seriously, I'm on the verge of tears right now!
- Amelia > Tristan June 19, 2010 at 6:28pm
  
  ...doesn't all of this research seem to suggest that the brain is really nothing more than a deterministic computing machine?
  
  No. Because if if was, we would also be deterministic computing machines. We are, to a certain degree, but there is so much more to us than the blood and bones. There are invisible emotional functions that would only have a place in consciousness beyond the body.
  
  how is free will possible?
  
  Free will is still possible with machines telling us what we may have seen while dreaming...
- Cedric > Tristan June 15, 2010 at 3:00pm
  
  From what i know we have 2 brains and the one on top is not the one in command. Here a sample...http://www.wellsphere.com/brain-health-article/introducing-our-seco...
  - Tristan > Cedric June 15, 2010 at 3:17pm
    
    Thank you Cedric for the link. It gives me some more hope and faith, at least. :)
    
    Light and Love,
    Tristan
Silent Observer February 25, 2010 at 2:16am

That's almost like the technology seen in the television series stargate atlantis.

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